Turmeric Curcumin – The Real Antioxidant; Anti-Inflammation Powerhouse!
What is curcumin
Turmeric belongs to the ginger family. It was first excavated for its charming aroma and used as a mysterious yellow spice. The earliest recorded use of Chinese herbal medicine was also by the ancient Indians, because they found that this bright "golden" powder had almost universal therapeutic uses. For example, turmeric could be used for the most difficult to treat liver disease, stomach disease, infectious diseases and various blood diseases at that time. After being introduced from China to Japan, turmeric was used as a "magic medicine" for hangover and pain relief, especially for people who were drunk. Turmeric had an unexpected "hangover relief" effect.
Curcumin first appeared
In 1815, since two German scientists first extracted it from turmeric, curcumin has no longer been served as a spice on the table, but has spread all over the world outside of Asia. However, in the more than 100 years since its discovery, curcumin has not had many opportunities to appear on the stage.
Even though it was officially used for medical clinical research in The Lancet in 1937, curcumin was only published in more than 100 papers in the following 50 years.
Curcumin becomes famous
In the few years from 2015 to 2020, more than 6,000 papers related to curcumin were published. So far, more than 10,000 research papers have been published, of which nearly 200 are large-scale clinical studies.
In terms of quantity and scale, it is close to glucan.
Of course, this is due to the rapid progress of life science research, which can have a new understanding of diseases at the cellular and genetic levels, and the target genes of curcumin have been excavated. Second, scientists have gradually solved the problem of low bioavailability of curcumin after entering the body, which has led to scientists' new understanding of curcumin in the field of health.
In short, the clinical interventions of curcumin that have been published so far are almost all-encompassing, including various cancers (breast cancer, lung cancer, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, etc.), neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, acute coronary syndrome), skin diseases (vitiligo, psoriasis), inflammatory diseases (gastric ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, osteoarthritis, ulcerative colitis, bacterial prostatitis, cholecystitis, etc.), metabolic diseases (diabetes, lupus nephritis, etc.), etc., all of which have been clinically studied.
The curcumin content in turmeric is approximately between 1-4%. In addition, it also contains a large amount of organic ingredients, including active ingredients such as sterols, alkaloids, etc. that we often learn about.
Molecular mechanism of curcumin
The reason why curcumin has so many clinical effects is that it can intervene in and regulate a lot of target genes.
In 2017, scientists from the Anderson Cancer Center and other research institutions jointly published a review article on curcumin for various chronic diseases. Although it was published 7 or 8 years ago, the article describes clearly the effects of curcumin on various key genes in our body .
For example, the figure below shows that curcumin can regulate many target genes, including but not limited to transcription factors, inflammatory mediators, protein kinases and various proteins, etc.
Such as Nrf2、NF-κB、MAPK、COX-2、PGE2、FOXO3、VEGF、NOS and so on.
For example, the p53 gene is one of the greatest discoveries in the history of human cancer research. Simply put, it is a tumor suppressor gene (hence it is called a "tumor suppressor gene") that controls whether cells enter division. Therefore, p53 is the gene with the highest correlation with all cancers and tumors, and many effective targeted therapeutic drugs are closely related to p53.
In tumor patients, the probability of p53 mutation is more than half, and in sub-healthy people with chronic inflammation, the expression of normal p53 genes is also reduced. At this time, curcumin is useful, because it can enhance the gene expression of p53, allowing it to strengthen the surveillance of bad cells and tumor cells with rebellious intentions, and promote these cells to enter the cycle of apoptosis.
In other words, curcumin may be able to turn tumor cells on and off by manipulating p53.
Some significant clinical effects
// Anti-inflammatory effect
Among all the clinical effects, curcumin has the strongest anti-inflammatory ability, which is even much higher than VC, quercetin and glucan, etc. After all, it can almost downregulate various inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, MCP-1 and I-1β, as well as various inflammation-related proteases and transcription factors.
Many clinical studies focus on osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which can reduce inflammatory responses by regulating the 5-LOX signaling pathway. And there are more clinical studies for curcumin.
For example, a multicenter randomized controlled clinical study showed that compared with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, taking 1500 mg of curcumin daily can achieve exactly the same intervention effect.
There are also many clinical studies on various digestive tract inflammations, such as gastritis, ulcerative enteritis, and pancreatitis. From 500mg to 2g of intervention dose per day, curcumin has also shown the effects of relieving pain, reducing abdominal discomfort symptoms, and preventing recurrence.
In addition, curcumin has also shown auxiliary effects on oral and gingival inflammation in various clinical studies, such as inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the mouth and preventing gingivitis.
//Lowering blood lipids
Clinically, curcumin is also used to assist in the intervention of cardiovascular disease because it can reduce low-density lipoprotein, as well as triglycerides and total cholesterol.
Compared with EPA, curcumin seems to have a wider range of lipid-lowering effects because it can not only target low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, but also increase the level of high-density lipoprotein.
//Protects the liver
Curcumin can be used to treat many conditions, such as drinking, drugs, smoking, various types of fatty liver and hepatitis, etc.
For example, curcumin can reduce the oxidative stress of liver cells and improve mitochondrial function to inhibit liver inflammation. Oral encapsulated curcumin can delay the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by inhibiting the level of inflammatory factors.
//Intervention on blood sugar and diabetes
Curcumin can act on α-glucosidase and a-amylase, thus improving insulin sensitivity and increasing insulin secretion.
In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 patients with type 2 diabetes supplemented with curcumin for 12 weeks lowered fasting blood sugar, reduced insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and of course, also lowered triglyceride TG levels.
In another randomized double-blind controlled trial of 237 prediabetic subjects, taking 250 mg of curcumin daily significantly reduced HbA1c and fasting blood sugar levels at 3, 6, and 9 months, and reduced the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes from 16.9% to 0%. In addition, compared with placebo, curcumin treatment significantly reduced HOMA-IR at 6 and 9 months and reduced lipoprotein elevation at 9 months.
//Prevention and intervention of cancer
First, cervical cancer, both oral and topical use have certain effects. For example, a clinical study showed that daily oral administration of 500-1200 mg of curcumin has a relatively obvious preventive effect on cervical cancer. Another phase I clinical study showed that topical curcumin products have a good HPV clearance effect on HPV-positive cervical cancer patients.
There are also many clinical cases of colon cancer. In a clinical trial of 44 patients with colon cancer, researchers found that oral curcumin (2 grams or 4 grams per day for 30 days) has a good effect on preventing colorectal tumors, such as increasing the curcumin content in the blood and significantly reducing the number of abnormal crypt foci (ACF).
Recommend Supplement
Due to an unhealthy living environment and diet, inflammation of varying degrees in various organs may accompany us throughout our lives, and achieving effective and safe anti-inflammatory effects through diet or supplements is actually what we have always been pursuing.
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